Hosting System¶

Einleitung¶

Warning

Dieses HowTo wird seit 2014-09-01 nicht mehr aktiv gepflegt und entspricht daher nicht mehr dem aktuellen Stand.

Die Verwendung dieses HowTo geschieht somit auf eigene Gefahr!

Dieses HowTo setzt ein wie in Remote Installation beschriebenes, installiertes und konfiguriertes Gentoo Linux Basissystem voraus.

Folgende Punkte sind in diesem HowTo zu beachten:

Alle Dienste werden mit einem möglichst minimalen und bewährten Funktionsumfang installiert.
Alle Dienste werden mit einer möglichst sicheren und dennoch flexiblen Konfiguration versehen.
Alle Konfigurationen sind selbstständig auf notwendige individuelle Anpassungen zu kontrollieren.
Alle Passworte werden als __PASSWORD__ dargestellt und sind selbstständig durch sichere Passworte zu ersetzen.
Alle Domainangaben werden als example.com dargestellt und sind selbstständig durch die eigene Domain zu ersetzen.
Die IP-Adresse des Servers wird als 10.0.2.15 dargestellt und ist selbstständig durch die eigene IP-Adresse zu ersetzen.
Postfix und Dovecot teilen sich sowohl den Hostnamen mail.example.com als auch das SSL-Zertifikat.

Unser WebHosting System wird folgende Dienste umfassen:

MySQL
Postfix
Dovecot
Apache
mod_php

Desweiteren werden wir folgende Applikationen installieren:

phpMyAdmin
PostfixAdmin
RoundCube

OpenSSL¶

OpenSSL konfigurieren¶

Sofern noch nicht während der Remote Installation erledigt, müssen folgende Optionen in der /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf im Abschnitt [ req_distinguished_name ] angepasst werden:

Text Only

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName_default             = DE
stateOrProvinceName_default     = Bundesland
localityName_default            = Stadt
0.organizationName_default      = Example Organization
organizationalUnitName_default  = Administration
commonName_default              = example.com
emailAddress_default            = admin@example.com

OpenSSL CA¶

Sofern noch nicht während der Remote Installation erledigt, wird als Nächstes ein eigenes CA Zertifikat erstellt und selbst signiert. Hierzu werden jeweils die Default-Werte übernommen und sehr sichere Passworte gewählt. Die Option A challenge password sollte jedoch leer gelassen werden, andernfalls kann es zu Problemen mit einigen Diensten kommen:

Bash

cd /etc/ssl
mkdir -p demoCA
mkdir -p demoCA/certs
mkdir -p demoCA/crl
mkdir -p demoCA/newcerts
mkdir -p demoCA/private
touch demoCA/index.txt

openssl req -new -keyout demoCA/private/cakey.pem -out demoCA/careq.pem
openssl ca -create_serial -out demoCA/cacert.pem -batch -keyfile demoCA/private/cakey.pem -selfsign -extensions v3_ca -infiles demoCA/careq.pem
cd

OpenSSL Zertifikate¶

Wir erstellen uns die nachfolgend benötigten selbstsignierten Zertifikate. Dabei verwenden wir für das Mailserver-Zertifikat mail.example.com und für das Webserver-Zertifikat ssl.example.com als Common Name. Die anderen Fragen beantworten wir jeweils mit den Default-Vorgaben.

Bash

cd /etc/ssl
openssl dhparam -out dh_512.pem -2 -rand /dev/urandom 512
openssl dhparam -out dh_1024.pem -2 -rand /dev/urandom 1024

openssl req -new -keyout mailserver_key.pem -out mailserver_req.pem
openssl ca -policy policy_anything -out mailserver_cert.pem -infiles mailserver_req.pem
openssl rsa -in mailserver_key.pem -out mailserver_keyrsa.pem

openssl req -new -keyout webserver_key.pem -out webserver_req.pem
openssl ca -policy policy_anything -out webserver_cert.pem -infiles webserver_req.pem
openssl rsa -in webserver_key.pem -out webserver_keyrsa.pem
cd

MySQL¶

MySQL unterstützt mehrere Engines, dieses HowTo beschränkt sich allerdings auf die Beiden am Häufigsten verwendeten: MyISAM und InnoDB. Werden weitere Engines benötigt, müssen die entsprechenden USE-Flags manuell gesetzt werden.

Note

Sollen bereits existierende Datenbanken importiert werden, müssen diese, sofern noch nicht geschehen, zuvor nach UTF-8 konvertiert werden. Ist dies nicht möglich, weil beispielsweise eine Client-Applikation noch kein UTF-8 ünterstützt, so ist in der folgenden /etc/mysql/my.cnf jeweils utf8 durch latin1 zu ersetzen. Desweiteren muss in diesem Fall für dev-db/mysql in der /etc/portage/package.use zusätzlich das USE-Flag latin1 gesetzt werden.

MySQL installieren¶

Bash

cat >> /etc/portage/package.use << "EOF"
dev-db/mysql  -ssl
EOF

emerge mysql

rc-update add mysql default

MySQL konfigurieren¶

Bash

cat > /etc/mysql/my.cnf << "EOF"
[client]
port                            = 3306

[mysql]
prompt                          = \u@\h [\d]>\_
no_auto_rehash

[mysqld_safe]
err_log                         = /var/log/mysql/mysql.err

[mysqld]
user                            = mysql
port                            = 3306
bind-address                    = 127.0.0.1
basedir                         = /usr
datadir                         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir                          = /var/tmp
language                        = /usr/share/mysql/english
log_error                       = /var/log/mysql/mysqld.err
server-id                       = 1
lower_case_table_names          = 1
safe-user-create                = 1
EOF

emerge --config dev-db/mysql

cat > /etc/mysql/my.cnf << "EOF"
[client]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8
port                            = 3306

[mysql]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8
prompt                          = \u@\h [\d]>\_
no_auto_rehash

[mysqladmin]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8

[mysqlcheck]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8

[mysqldump]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8
max_allowed_packet              = 32M
quote_names
quick

[mysqlimport]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8

[mysqlshow]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8

[isamchk]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8
key_buffer_size                 = 256M

[myisamchk]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8
key_buffer_size                 = 256M

[myisampack]
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8

[mysqld_safe]
err_log                         = /var/log/mysql/mysql.err

[mysqld]
user                            = mysql
port                            = 3306
bind-address                    = 127.0.0.1
socket                          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
pid_file                        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
character-sets-dir              = /usr/share/mysql/charsets
character-set-server            = utf8
collation-server                = utf8_bin
default-storage-engine          = InnoDB
basedir                         = /usr
datadir                         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir                          = /var/tmp
slave-load-tmpdir               = /var/tmp
language                        = /usr/share/mysql/english
log_error                       = /var/log/mysql/mysqld.err
log-bin                         = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin
relay-log                       = /var/lib/mysql/relay.log
relay-log-index                 = /var/lib/mysql/relay.index
relay-log-info-file             = /var/lib/mysql/relay.info
master-info-file                = /var/lib/mysql/master.info
#master-host                     = <hostname>
#master-user                     = <username>
#master-password                 = <password>
#master-port                     = 3306
#auto_increment_increment        = 10
#auto_increment_offset           = 1
server-id                       = 1
back_log                        = 50
sync_binlog                     = 1
binlog_cache_size               = 1M
max_binlog_size                 = 100M
binlog-format                   = MIXED
expire_logs_days                = 7
slow-query-log                  = 1
slow-query-log-file             = /var/lib/mysql/slow-query.log
slave_compressed_protocol       = 1
lower_case_table_names          = 1
safe-user-create                = 1
delay-key-write                 = ALL
myisam-recover                  = FORCE,BACKUP
key_buffer_size                 = 256M
join_buffer_size                = 2M
sort_buffer_size                = 2M
read_buffer_size                = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size            = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size         = 64M
max_allowed_packet              = 32M
max_heap_table_size             = 64M
tmp_table_size                  = 64M
table_cache                     = 1024
table_definition_cache          = 1024
query_cache_type                = 1
query_cache_size                = 128M
query_cache_limit               = 16M
thread_concurrency              = 8
thread_cache_size               = 24
max_connections                 = 24
ft_max_word_len                 = 20
ft_min_word_len                 = 3
long_query_time                 = 2
local-infile                    = 0
log-warnings                    = 2
log-slave-updates
log-queries-not-using-indexes
skip-external-locking
skip-character-set-client-handshake
innodb_thread_concurrency       = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_size         = 2G
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 128M
innodb_data_home_dir            = /var/lib/mysql
innodb_log_group_home_dir       = /var/lib/mysql
innodb_data_file_path           = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_file_size            = 128M
innodb_log_buffer_size          = 16M
innodb_log_files_in_group       = 2
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct      = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout        = 120
innodb_file_per_table           = 1

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive_timeout
EOF

MySQL absichern¶

MySQL wird nun zum ersten Mal gestartet, was durch das Erzeugen der InnoDB-Files einige Minuten dauern und zu einer falschen Fehlermeldung des Init-Scripts führen kann. Daher warten wir bis im tail -f eine Zeile ähnlich der folgenden erscheint und beenden tail mittels ^C (STRG+C).

Bash

Version: '5.1.50-log'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  Gentoo Linux mysql-5.1.50-r1

Abschliessend wird MySQL mittels mysql_secure_installation abgesichert. Hierzu werden alle Fragen, abgesehen vom zuvor gesetztem root-Passwort, jeweils mit einem beherzten Druck auf die Return-Taste beantwortet.

Bash

/etc/init.d/mysql start

tail -f /var/log/mysql/mysqld.err

mysql_secure_installation

Dovecot¶

Dovecot wird inklusive MySQL und TLS/SSL Support installiert und für das Zusammenspiel mit PostfixAdmin konfiguriert.

Dovecot installieren¶

Bash

cat >> /etc/portage/package.use << "EOF"
net-mail/dovecot  maildir
EOF

emerge dovecot

rc-update add dovecot default

Dovecot konfigurieren¶

dovecot.conf einrichten:

Bash

cat > /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf << "EOF"
protocols = imap pop3 imaps pop3s
listen = 10.0.2.15
disable_plaintext_auth = no
ssl = yes
ssl_cert_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver_cert.pem
ssl_key_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver_keyrsa.pem
ssl_cipher_list = RSA:!EXP:!NULL:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW:-SSLv2
login_process_per_connection = yes
login_processes_count = 3
login_max_processes_count = 128
mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n
mail_privileged_group = mail
dotlock_use_excl = yes
verbose_proctitle = yes
first_valid_uid = 207
last_valid_uid = 207
first_valid_gid = 207
last_valid_gid = 207
maildir_copy_with_hardlinks = yes
protocol imap {
  mail_plugins = quota imap_quota
  imap_client_workarounds = delay-newmail netscape-eoh tb-extra-mailbox-sep
}
protocol pop3 {
  pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv
  mail_plugins = quota
  pop3_client_workarounds = outlook-no-nuls oe-ns-eoh
}
protocol lda {
  postmaster_address = postmaster@example.com
  hostname = mail.example.com
  quota_full_tempfail = no
  sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
}
auth_username_format = %Lu
auth default {
  mechanisms = plain login
  passdb sql {
    args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
  }
  userdb sql {
    args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
  }
  user = root
  socket listen {
    master {
      path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master
      mode = 0600
    }
    client {
      path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
      mode = 0660
      user = postfix
      group = postfix
    }
  }
}
dict {
}
plugin {
  quota = maildir
  quota_rule = *:storage=1048576
}
EOF

dovecot-sql.conf einrichten:

Bash

cat > /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf << "EOF"
driver = mysql
connect = host=localhost dbname=postfix user=postfix password=__PASSWORD__
default_pass_scheme = MD5-CRYPT
password_query = SELECT password FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u'
user_query = SELECT maildir, 207 AS uid, 207 AS gid, CONCAT('maildir:storage=', FLOOR( quota / 1024 ) ) AS quota FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active = '1'
EOF

Postfix¶

Postfix wird inklusive MySQL, Dovecot-SASL und TLS/SSL Support installiert und für das Zusammenspiel mit PostfixAdmin konfiguriert. Zudem werden die Empfehlungen aus dem Postfix Anti-UCE Cheat Sheet umgesetzt. Zusätzlich wird als gute und recht zuverlässige Anti-Spam Lösung policyd-weight eingerichtet.

Postfix installieren¶

Bash

cat >> /etc/portage/package.use << "EOF"
mail-mta/postfix  dovecot-sasl vda
EOF

emerge -C ssmtp
emerge postfix

rc-update add postfix default

policyd-weight installieren¶

Bash

cat >> /etc/portage/package.keywords << "EOF"
mail-filter/policyd-weight ~amd64
EOF

emerge policyd-weight

rc-update add policyd-weight default

Postfix konfigurieren¶

Aliases einrichten:

Bash

cat > /etc/mail/aliases << "EOF"
# Basic system aliases -- these MUST be present.
MAILER-DAEMON:      postmaster
postmaster:         root

# General redirections for pseudo accounts.
adm:                root
bin:                root
daemon:             root
exim:               root
lp:                 root
mail:               root
named:              root
nobody:             root
postfix:            root

# Well-known aliases -- these should be filled in!
root:               admin@example.com
operator:           admin@example.com

# Standard RFC2142 aliases
abuse:              postmaster
ftp:                root
hostmaster:         root
news:               usenet
noc:                root
security:           root
usenet:             root
uucp:               root
webmaster:          root
www:                webmaster

# trap decode to catch security attacks
decode:             /dev/null
EOF

/usr/bin/newaliases

main.cf einrichten:

Bash

cat > /etc/postfix/main.cf << "EOF"
allow_percent_hack = no
biff = no
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/lib64/postfix
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
disable_vrfy_command = yes
home_mailbox = .maildir/
#html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/html
inet_interfaces = 127.0.0.1, 10.0.2.15
mail_owner = postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
mydomain = example.com
myhostname = mail.$mydomain
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 10.0.2.15/32
myorigin = $mydomain
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
proxy_read_maps =
  $local_recipient_maps
  $mydestination
  $virtual_alias_maps
  $virtual_alias_domains
  $virtual_mailbox_maps
  $virtual_mailbox_domains
  $relay_recipient_maps
  $relay_domains
  $canonical_maps
  $sender_canonical_maps
  $recipient_canonical_maps
  $relocated_maps
  $transport_maps
  $mynetworks
  $sender_bcc_maps
  $recipient_bcc_maps
  $smtp_generic_maps
  $lmtp_generic_maps
  $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
#readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/readme
relay_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_relay_domains_maps.cf
sample_directory = /etc/postfix
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
setgid_group = postdrop
smtp_tls_ciphers = high
smtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = aNULL, RC4, MD5
smtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
smtp_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = aNULL, RC4, MD5
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1, !SSLv2
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtp_tls_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1, !SSLv2
smtp_tls_received_header = yes
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/var/lib/postfix/smtp_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
smtpd_client_restrictions =
  permit_mynetworks,
  permit_sasl_authenticated,
  reject_unknown_reverse_client_hostname,
  reject_unauth_pipelining,
  permit
smtpd_data_restrictions =
  permit_mynetworks,
  permit_sasl_authenticated,
  reject_unauth_pipelining,
  permit
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions =
  permit_mynetworks,
  permit_sasl_authenticated,
  reject_invalid_helo_hostname,
  reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname,
  reject_unauth_pipelining,
  permit
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
  permit_mynetworks,
  permit_sasl_authenticated,
  reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
  reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
  check_recipient_mx_access cidr:/etc/postfix/mx_access,
  reject_unauth_destination,
  check_recipient_access pcre:/etc/postfix/recipient_checks.pcre,
  check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:12525,
  reject_unauth_pipelining,
  permit
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sender_restrictions =
  permit_mynetworks,
  permit_sasl_authenticated,
  reject_non_fqdn_sender,
  reject_unknown_sender_domain,
  reject_unauth_pipelining,
  permit
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/demoCA/cacert.pem
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver_cert.pem
smtpd_tls_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_dh1024_param_file = /etc/ssl/dh_1024.pem
smtpd_tls_dh512_param_file = /etc/ssl/dh_512.pem
smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = aNULL, RC4, MD5
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver_keyrsa.pem
smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = aNULL, RC4, MD5
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1, !SSLv2
smtpd_tls_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1, !SSLv2
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/var/lib/postfix/smtpd_scache
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
strict_rfc821_envelopes = yes
transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450
virtual_minimum_uid = 125
virtual_uid_maps = static:125
virtual_gid_maps = static:125
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps =
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf,
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf,
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps =
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf,
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_mailbox_extended = yes
virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please try again later.
virtual_overquota_bounce = yes
EOF

master.cf einrichten:

Bash

cat > /etc/postfix/master.cf << "EOF"
#
# Postfix master process configuration file.  For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp      inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
submission inet n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps     inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628      inet  n       -       n       -       -       qmqpd
pickup    fifo  n       -       n       60      1       pickup
cleanup   unix  n       -       n       -       0       cleanup
qmgr      fifo  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr
#qmgr     fifo  n       -       n       300     1       oqmgr
tlsmgr    unix  -       -       n       1000?   1       tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -       -       n       -       -       trivial-rewrite
bounce    unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce
defer     unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce
trace     unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce
verify    unix  -       -       n       -       1       verify
flush     unix  n       -       n       1000?   0       flush
proxymap  unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap
proxywrite unix -       -       n       -       1       proxymap
smtp      unix  -       -       n       -       -       smtp
# When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops
relay     unix  -       -       n       -       -       smtp
        -o smtp_fallback_relay=
#       -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq     unix  n       -       n       -       -       showq
error     unix  -       -       n       -       -       error
retry     unix  -       -       n       -       -       error
discard   unix  -       -       n       -       -       discard
local     unix  -       n       n       -       -       local
virtual   unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual
lmtp      unix  -       -       n       -       -       lmtp
anvil     unix  -       -       n       -       1       anvil
scache    unix  -       -       n       -       1       scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent.  See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#maildrop  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# The Cyrus deliver program has changed incompatibly, multiple times.
#
#old-cyrus unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
#uucp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
#ifmail    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
#
#bsmtp     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
#
#scalemail-backend unix -       n       n       -       2       pipe
#  flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store
#  ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
#
#mailman   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
#  ${nexthop} ${user}
EOF

mysql_*_maps.cf einrichten:

Note

Bitte jeweils das gleiche Passwort wie in der dovecot-sql.conf aus der Dovecot Konfiguration verwenden.

Bash

mkdir -p /etc/postfix/sql

cat > /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_relay_domains_maps.cf << "EOF"
user = postfix
password = __PASSWORD__
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain = '%s' AND backupmx = '1' AND active = '1'
EOF

cat > /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf << "EOF"
user = postfix
password = __PASSWORD__
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT goto FROM alias,alias_domain WHERE alias_domain.alias_domain = '%d' and alias.address = CONCAT('@', alias_domain.target_domain) AND alias.active = '1' AND alias_domain.active = '1'
EOF

cat > /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf << "EOF"
user = postfix
password = __PASSWORD__
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT maildir FROM mailbox,alias_domain WHERE alias_domain.alias_domain = '%d' and mailbox.username = CONCAT('%u', '@', alias_domain.target_domain) AND mailbox.active = '1' AND alias_domain.active = '1'
EOF

cat > /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf << "EOF"
user = postfix
password = __PASSWORD__
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT goto FROM alias,alias_domain WHERE alias_domain.alias_domain = '%d' and alias.address = CONCAT('%u', '@', alias_domain.target_domain) AND alias.active = '1' AND alias_domain.active = '1'
EOF

cat > /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf << "EOF"
user = postfix
password = __PASSWORD__
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT goto FROM alias WHERE address = '%s' AND active = '1'
EOF

cat > /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf << "EOF"
user = postfix
password = __PASSWORD__
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain = '%s' AND backupmx = '0' AND active = '1'
EOF

cat > /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf << "EOF"
user = postfix
password = __PASSWORD__
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT quota FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%s' AND active = '1'
EOF

cat > /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf << "EOF"
user = postfix
password = __PASSWORD__
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT maildir FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%s' AND active = '1'
EOF

chown root:postfix /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_*_maps.cf
chmod 0640 /etc/postfix/sql/mysql_*_maps.cf

Transport map einrichten:

Bash

cat >> /etc/postfix/transport << "EOF"
autoreply.example.com   vacation:
EOF

postmap /etc/postfix/transport

Restriktionen einrichten:

Bash

cat > /etc/postfix/recipient_checks.pcre << "EOF"
/^\@/             550 Invalid address format.
/[!%\@].*\@/      550 This server disallows weird address syntax.
/^postmaster\@/   OK
/^hostmaster\@/   OK
/^security\@/     OK
/^abuse\@/        OK
/^admin\@/        OK
EOF

cat > /etc/postfix/mx_access << "EOF"
0.0.0.0/8            REJECT MX in RFC 5735 broadcast network
10.0.0.0/8           REJECT MX in RFC 5735 private network
127.0.0.0/8          REJECT MX in RFC 5735 loopback network
169.254.0.0/16       REJECT MX in RFC 5735 link local network
172.16.0.0/12        REJECT MX in RFC 5735 private network
192.0.0.0/24         REJECT MX in RFC 5735 IETF protocol assignments network
192.0.2.0/24         REJECT MX in RFC 5735 TEST-NET-1 network
192.88.99.0/24       REJECT MX in RFC 5735 6to4 relay anycast network
192.168.0.0/16       REJECT MX in RFC 5735 private network
198.18.0.0/15        REJECT MX in RFC 5735 interconnect device benchmark testing network
198.51.100.0/24      REJECT MX in RFC 5735 TEST-NET-2 network
203.0.113.0/24       REJECT MX in RFC 5735 TEST-NET-3 network
224.0.0.0/4          REJECT MX in RFC 5735 multicast network
240.0.0.0/4          REJECT MX in RFC 5735 reserved network
255.255.255.255/32   REJECT MX in RFC 5735 limited broadcast destination address
EOF

postmap /etc/postfix/mx_access

Abschliessende Arbeiten:

Bash

gpasswd -a postfix mail

mkdir -p /var/vmail
chmod 0750 /var/vmail
chown postfix:postfix /var/vmail

Apache¶

Die folgende Konfiguration verwendet für den Default-Host den Pfad /var/www/vhosts/www.example.com, für den Default-SSL-Host den Pfad /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com und für die regulären Virtual-Hosts den Pfad /var/www/vhosts/sub.domain.tld.

Apache installieren¶

Bash

cat >> /etc/portage/package.use << "EOF"
dev-libs/apr-util  -mysql
www-servers/apache  -threads suexec
EOF

cat >> /etc/make.conf << "EOF"
APACHE2_MODULES="*"
APACHE2_MPMS="prefork"
EOF

emerge apache

rc-update add apache2 default

Apache konfigurieren¶

Docroots für die Default-Hosts erstellen:

Bash

mkdir -p /var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/logs
mkdir -p /var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/data
chmod 0750 /var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/data
chown apache:apache /var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/data

mkdir -p /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/logs
mkdir -p /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data
chmod 0750 /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data
chown apache:apache /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data

Grundkonfiguration:

Bash

emerge --config apache

sed 's@^APACHE2_OPTS\(.*\)@#APACHE2_OPTS\1\
APACHE2_OPTS=""@' -i /etc/conf.d/apache2
sed 's@^#RELOAD_TYPE@RELOAD_TYPE@' -i /etc/conf.d/apache2

httpd.conf einrichten:

Bash

cat > /etc/apache2/httpd.conf << "EOF"
ServerRoot "/usr/lib64/apache2"
PidFile "/var/run/apache2.pid"
LockFile "/var/run/apache2.lock"
Timeout 30
KeepAlive On
KeepAliveTimeout 2
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
    StartServers         10
    MinSpareServers      10
    MaxSpareServers      10
    MaxClients          200
    MaxRequestsPerChild 500
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
    StartServers          2
    MinSpareThreads      25
    MaxSpareThreads      75
    ThreadsPerChild      25
    MaxClients          150
    MaxRequestsPerChild 500
</IfModule>
Listen 10.0.2.15:80
LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
#LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so
#LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so
#LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so
#LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so
#LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so
LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so
LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
#LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
#LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so
LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
#LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so
#LoadModule charset_lite_module modules/mod_charset_lite.so
#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
#LoadModule dav_lock_module modules/mod_dav_lock.so
#LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
#LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so
#LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
#LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so
#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so
#LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so
LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
#LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so
#LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so
LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
#LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so
#LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
#LoadModule mem_cache_module modules/mod_mem_cache.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
#LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
#LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
#LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
#LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so
LoadModule suexec_module modules/mod_suexec.so
LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so
#LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so
#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
#LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
User apache
Group apache
ServerTokens OS
ServerSignature On
UseCanonicalName On
TraceEnable off
<Directory "/">
    Options -All +FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny from all
</Directory>
ServerName www.example.com
ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
DocumentRoot "/var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/data"
<Directory "/var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/data">
    Options -All +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI
    AllowOverride Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    Order Allow,Deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
AccessFileName .htaccess
<FilesMatch "^[\._]ht">
    Order Allow,Deny
    Deny from all
</FilesMatch>
TypesConfig "/etc/mime.types"
DefaultType text/plain
<IfModule mime_magic_module>
    MIMEMagicFile "/etc/apache2/magic"
</IfModule>
HostnameLookups On
<IfModule logio_module>
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
</IfModule>
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
CustomLog "/var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/logs/access_log" combined
ErrorLog "/var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/logs/error_log"
LogLevel warn
<IfModule cgid_module>
    Scriptsock "/var/run/cgisock"
</IfModule>
ReadmeName README.html
HeaderName HEADER.html
IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort FoldersFirst IgnoreCase IgnoreClient NameWidth=* SuppressDescription XHTML
IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t .svn
IndexOrderDefault Ascending Name
Alias "/icons/" "/usr/share/apache2/icons/"
<Directory "/usr/share/apache2/icons">
    Options -All +MultiViews
    AllowOverride None
    Order Allow,Deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>
AddIconByEncoding (CMP,/icons/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip
AddIconByType (TXT,/icons/text.gif) text/*
AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image2.gif) image/*
AddIconByType (SND,/icons/sound2.gif) audio/*
AddIconByType (VID,/icons/movie.gif) video/*
AddIcon /icons/binary.gif .bin .exe
AddIcon /icons/binhex.gif .hqx
AddIcon /icons/tar.gif .tar
AddIcon /icons/world2.gif .wrl .wrl.gz .vrml .vrm .iv
AddIcon /icons/compressed.gif .Z .z .tgz .gz .zip
AddIcon /icons/a.gif .ps .ai .eps
AddIcon /icons/layout.gif .html .shtml .htm .pdf
AddIcon /icons/text.gif .txt
AddIcon /icons/c.gif .c
AddIcon /icons/p.gif .pl .py
AddIcon /icons/f.gif .for
AddIcon /icons/dvi.gif .dvi
AddIcon /icons/uuencoded.gif .uu
AddIcon /icons/script.gif .conf .sh .shar .csh .ksh .tcl
AddIcon /icons/tex.gif .tex
AddIcon /icons/bomb.gif core
AddIcon /icons/back.gif ..
AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README
AddIcon /icons/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^
AddIcon /icons/blank.gif ^^BLANKICON^^
DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.gif
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType text/x-component .htc
AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
AddHandler php5-script .php .phps
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl
FileETag None
Header unset ETag
Header unset Pragma
Header set Vary "Accept-Encoding, User-Agent"
Header set Cache-Control "public, proxy-revalidate, must-revalidate"
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault A604800
ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest A0
<FilesMatch "\.(phps|php|pl|py|cgi)$">
    ExpiresDefault A0
</FilesMatch>
<FilesMatch "favicon\.(ico|png)$">
    AddType image/vnd.microsoft.icon .ico
    ExpiresDefault A2592000
</FilesMatch>
<FilesMatch "\.(ico|gif|png|jpe?g|css)$">
    RequestHeader unset Cookie
    Header unset Set-Cookie
</FilesMatch>
<IfModule dav_module>
    <IfModule dav_fs_module>
        DavLockDB "/var/lib/dav/lockdb"
        Alias "/uploads/" "/var/www/uploads/"
        <Directory "/var/www/uploads">
            Dav On
            AuthType Digest
            AuthName DAV-upload
            AuthUserFile "/var/www/.htpasswd-dav"
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
            <LimitExcept GET OPTIONS>
                require user admin
            </LimitExcept>
        </Directory>
    </IfModule>
</IfModule>
<IfModule cache_module>
    <IfModule mem_cache_module>
        CacheEnable mem "/"
        MCacheSize 131072
        MCacheMaxObjectCount 1000
        MCacheMinObjectSize 1
        MCacheMaxObjectSize 2048
    </IfModule>
</IfModule>
<IfModule userdir_module>
    UserDir public_html
    UserDir disabled root toor daemon operator bin tty kmem games news man sshd bind proxy _pflogd _dhcp uucp pop www nobody mailnull smmsp admin
    <Directory "/home/*/public_html">
        AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Indexes
        Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
        <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
            Order Allow,Deny
            Allow from all
        </Limit>
        <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
            Order Deny,Allow
            Deny from all
        </LimitExcept>
    </Directory>
    <Directory /home/*/public_html/cgi-bin>
        Options ExecCGI
        SetHandler cgi-script
    </Directory>
</IfModule>
<IfModule info_module>
    <IfModule status_module>
        <Location "/server-status">
            SetHandler server-status
            Order Deny,Allow
            Deny from all
            Allow from localhost
        </Location>
        ExtendedStatus On
        <Location "/server-info">
            SetHandler server-info
            Order Deny,Allow
            Deny from all
            Allow from localhost
        </Location>
    </IfModule>
</IfModule>
<Location "/">
    SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:ico|gif|jpe?g|png|pdf|flv|bz2|gz|tgz|zip|htc)$ no-gzip
    SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
</Location>
<IfModule ssl_module>
    Listen 10.0.2.15:443
    AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
    AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl
    SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
    SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
    SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin
    SSLSessionCache "shmcb:/var/run/ssl_scache(512000)"
    SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300
    SSLMutex "file:/var/run/ssl_mutex"
    <VirtualHost 10.0.2.15:443>
        ServerName ssl.example.com
        ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
        CustomLog "/var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/logs/ssl_request_log" "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"
        TransferLog "/var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/logs/access_log"
        ErrorLog "/var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/logs/error_log"
        DocumentRoot "/var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data"
        <Directory "/var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data">
            Options -All +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI
            AllowOverride Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
            Order Allow,Deny
            Allow from all
        </Directory>
        SSLEngine on
        SSLProtocol all -SSLv2
        SSLCipherSuite RSA:!EXP:!NULL:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW:-SSLv2
        SSLCertificateFile "/etc/ssl/webserver_cert.pem"
        SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/ssl/webserver_keyrsa.pem"
        <FilesMatch "\.(phps|php|pl|py|cgi|shtml)$">
            SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
        </FilesMatch>
        BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
    </VirtualHost>
    AcceptPathInfo On
</IfModule>
NameVirtualHost 10.0.2.15:80
<VirtualHost 10.0.2.15:80>
    ServerName www.example.com
    CustomLog "/var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/logs/access_log" combined
    ErrorLog "/var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/logs/error_log"
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/data"
    <Directory "/var/www/vhosts/www.example.com/data">
        Options -All +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI
        AllowOverride Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
        Order Allow,Deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    AcceptPathInfo On
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 10.0.2.15:80>
    ServerName example.com
    Redirect 301 / https://www.example.com/
</VirtualHost>
EOF

PHP¶

Die Konfiguration entspricht weitestgehend den Empfehlungen der PHP-Entwickler und ist somit sowohl auf Security als auch auf Performance getrimmt.

PHP installieren¶

Bash

cat >> /etc/portage/package.keywords << "EOF"
dev-lang/php ~amd64
EOF

cat >> /etc/portage/package.use << "EOF"
dev-db/sqlite  threadsafe
dev-lang/php  apache2 calendar ctype curl curlwrappers discard-path flatfile fileinfo filter force-cgi-redirect hash inifile intl json pcntl pdo phar simplexml soap sqlite sqlite3 suhosin sysvipc wddx xmlreader xmlwriter zip -gdbm -readline -threads
EOF

emerge php

PHP konfigurieren¶

php.ini einrichten:

Bash

cat > /etc/php/cgi-php5/php.ini << "EOF"
[PHP]
user_ini.filename =
user_ini.cache_ttl = 300
engine = On
short_open_tag = Off
asp_tags = Off
precision = 14
y2k_compliance = On
output_buffering = 4096
output_handler =
zlib.output_compression = Off
zlib.output_compression_level = -1
zlib.output_handler =
implicit_flush = Off
unserialize_callback_func =
serialize_precision = 100
allow_call_time_pass_reference = Off
safe_mode = Off
safe_mode_gid = Off
safe_mode_include_dir =
safe_mode_exec_dir =
safe_mode_allowed_env_vars = PHP_
safe_mode_protected_env_vars = LD_LIBRARY_PATH
open_basedir =
disable_functions =
disable_classes =
highlight.string = #DD0000
highlight.comment = #FF9900
highlight.keyword = #007700
highlight.bg = #FFFFFF
highlight.default = #0000BB
highlight.html = #000000
ignore_user_abort = Off
realpath_cache_size = 16k
realpath_cache_ttl = 120
expose_php = Off
max_execution_time = 30
max_input_time = 60
max_input_nesting_level = 64
memory_limit = 128M
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED
display_errors = Off
display_startup_errors = Off
log_errors = On
log_errors_max_len = 1024
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
ignore_repeated_source = Off
report_memleaks = On
;report_zend_debug = 0
track_errors = Off
;xmlrpc_errors = 0
;xmlrpc_error_number = 0
html_errors = Off
;docref_root = "/phpmanual/"
;docref_ext = .html
;error_prepend_string = "<font color=#ff0000>"
;error_append_string = "</font>"
;error_log = php_errors.log
arg_separator.output = "&"
arg_separator.input = ";&"
variables_order = "GPCS"
request_order = "GP"
register_globals = Off
register_long_arrays = Off
register_argc_argv = Off
auto_globals_jit = On
post_max_size = 8M
magic_quotes_gpc = Off
magic_quotes_runtime = Off
magic_quotes_sybase = Off
auto_prepend_file =
auto_append_file =
default_mimetype = "text/html"
;default_charset = "iso-8859-1"
;always_populate_raw_post_data = On
include_path = ".:/usr/share/php"
doc_root =
user_dir =
;extension_dir = "./"
enable_dl = Off
cgi.force_redirect = 1
;cgi.nph = 1
;cgi.redirect_status_env = ;
cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
;fastcgi.impersonate = 1;
;fastcgi.logging = 0
;cgi.rfc2616_headers = 0
file_uploads = On
upload_tmp_dir = "/tmp"
upload_max_filesize = 2M
max_file_uploads = 20
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
from = "anonymous@example.com"
user_agent = ""
default_socket_timeout = 60
;auto_detect_line_endings = Off

[Date]
date.timezone = Europe/Berlin
;date.default_latitude = 31.7667
;date.default_longitude = 35.2333
;date.sunrise_zenith = 90.583333
;date.sunset_zenith = 90.583333

[filter]
;filter.default = unsafe_raw
;filter.default_flags =

[iconv]
;iconv.input_encoding = ISO-8859-1
;iconv.internal_encoding = ISO-8859-1
;iconv.output_encoding = ISO-8859-1

[intl]
;intl.default_locale =
;intl.error_level = E_WARNING

[sqlite]
;sqlite.assoc_case = 0

[sqlite3]
;sqlite3.extension_dir =

[Pcre]
;pcre.backtrack_limit = 100000
;pcre.recursion_limit = 100000

[Pdo]
;pdo_odbc.connection_pooling = strict
;pdo_odbc.db2_instance_name =

[Pdo_mysql]
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
pdo_mysql.default_socket =

[Phar]
;phar.readonly = On
;phar.require_hash = On
;phar.cache_list =

[Syslog]
define_syslog_variables  = Off

[mail function]
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25
;sendmail_from = me@example.com
;sendmail_path =
;mail.force_extra_parameters =
mail.add_x_header = On
;mail.log =

[SQL]
sql.safe_mode = Off

[ODBC]
;odbc.default_cursortype =
odbc.allow_persistent = On
odbc.check_persistent = On
odbc.max_persistent = -1
odbc.max_links = -1
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
;birdstep.max_links = -1

[Interbase]
ibase.allow_persistent = 1
ibase.max_persistent = -1
ibase.max_links = -1
;ibase.default_db =
;ibase.default_user =
;ibase.default_password =
;ibase.default_charset =
ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"
ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"

[MySQL]
mysql.allow_local_infile = On
mysql.allow_persistent = On
mysql.cache_size = 2000
mysql.max_persistent = -1
mysql.max_links = -1
mysql.default_port =
mysql.default_socket =
mysql.default_host =
mysql.default_user =
mysql.default_password =
mysql.connect_timeout = 60
mysql.trace_mode = Off

[MySQLi]
mysqli.max_persistent = -1
mysqli.allow_local_infile = On
mysqli.allow_persistent = On
mysqli.max_links = -1
mysqli.cache_size = 2000
mysqli.default_port = 3306
mysqli.default_socket =
mysqli.default_host =
mysqli.default_user =
mysqli.default_pw =
mysqli.reconnect = Off

[mysqlnd]
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = Off
;mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size = 2048
;mysqlnd.net_read_buffer_size = 32768

[OCI8]
;oci8.privileged_connect = Off
;oci8.max_persistent = -1
;oci8.persistent_timeout = -1
;oci8.ping_interval = 60
;oci8.connection_class =
;oci8.events = Off
;oci8.statement_cache_size = 20
;oci8.default_prefetch = 100
;oci8.old_oci_close_semantics = Off

[PostgresSQL]
pgsql.allow_persistent = On
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
pgsql.max_persistent = -1
pgsql.max_links = -1
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
pgsql.log_notice = 0

[Sybase-CT]
sybct.allow_persistent = On
sybct.max_persistent = -1
sybct.max_links = -1
sybct.min_server_severity = 10
sybct.min_client_severity = 10
;sybct.timeout =
;sybct.packet_size =
;sybct.login_timeout =
;sybct.hostname =
;sybct.deadlock_retry_count =

[bcmath]
bcmath.scale = 0

[browscap]
;browscap = extra/browscap.ini

[Session]
session.save_handler = files
session.save_path = "/tmp"
session.use_cookies = 1
;session.cookie_secure =
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.name = PHPSESSID
session.auto_start = 0
session.cookie_lifetime = 0
session.cookie_path = /
session.cookie_domain =
session.cookie_httponly =
session.serialize_handler = php
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 1000
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
session.bug_compat_42 = Off
session.bug_compat_warn = Off
session.referer_check =
session.entropy_file = /dev/urandom
session.entropy_length = 16
session.cache_limiter = nocache
session.cache_expire = 180
session.use_trans_sid = 0
session.hash_function = 1
session.hash_bits_per_character = 6
url_rewriter.tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry,fieldset="

[MSSQL]
mssql.allow_persistent = On
mssql.max_persistent = -1
mssql.max_links = -1
mssql.min_error_severity = 10
mssql.min_message_severity = 10
mssql.compatability_mode = Off
;mssql.connect_timeout = 5
;mssql.timeout = 60
;mssql.textlimit = 4096
;mssql.textsize = 4096
;mssql.batchsize = 0
;mssql.datetimeconvert = On
mssql.secure_connection = Off
;mssql.max_procs = -1
;mssql.charset = "ISO-8859-1"

[Assertion]
;assert.active = On
;assert.warning = On
;assert.bail = Off
;assert.callback = 0
;assert.quiet_eval = 0

[COM]
;com.typelib_file =
;com.allow_dcom = true
;com.autoregister_typelib = true
;com.autoregister_casesensitive = false
;com.autoregister_verbose = true
;com.code_page =

[mbstring]
;mbstring.language = Japanese
;mbstring.internal_encoding = EUC-JP
;mbstring.http_input = auto
;mbstring.http_output = SJIS
;mbstring.encoding_translation = Off
;mbstring.detect_order = auto
;mbstring.substitute_character = none;
;mbstring.func_overload = 0
;mbstring.strict_detection = Off
;mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetype =
;mbstring.script_encoding =

[gd]
;gd.jpeg_ignore_warning = 0

[exif]
;exif.encode_unicode = ISO-8859-15
;exif.decode_unicode_motorola = UCS-2BE
;exif.decode_unicode_intel = UCS-2LE
;exif.encode_jis =
;exif.decode_jis_motorola = JIS
;exif.decode_jis_intel = JIS

[Tidy]
;tidy.default_config = /usr/lib64/php5/default.tcfg
tidy.clean_output = Off

[soap]
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled = 1
soap.wsdl_cache_dir = "/tmp"
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl = 86400
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5

[sysvshm]
;sysvshm.init_mem = 10000

[ldap]
ldap.max_links = -1

[mcrypt]
;mcrypt.algorithms_dir =
;mcrypt.modes_dir =

[dba]
;dba.default_handler =
EOF

cp /etc/php/cgi-php5/php.ini /etc/php/cli-php5/php.ini
cp /etc/php/cgi-php5/php.ini /etc/php/apache2-php5/php.ini

PHP-PEAR installieren¶

Bash

echo "dev-php/pear ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords
for pkg in `ls /usr/portage/dev-php | grep PEAR` ; do echo "dev-php/${pkg} ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords ; done

emerge pear

phpMyAdmin¶

phpMyAdmin installieren¶

Bash

wget -O 'phpMyAdmin-3.3.7-all-languages.tar.gz' https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin//3.3.7/phpMyAdmin-3.3.7-all-languages.tar.gz

tar xzf phpMyAdmin-3.3.7-all-languages.tar.gz
mv phpMyAdmin-3.3.7-all-languages /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin
mkdir -p /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin/save
mkdir -p /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin/upload
chown -R www:www /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin
find /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750
find /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640

phpMyAdmin konfigurieren¶

Bash

mkdir -p /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin/config
chown www:www /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin/config

Nun bitte https://ssl.example.com/phpmyadmin/setup/index.php im Browser aufrufen und phpMyAdmin konfigurieren. Danach muss die config.inc.php noch installiert werden:

Bash

mv /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin/config/config.inc.php /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
chmod 0640 /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
rm -r /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/phpmyadmin/config

PostfixAdmin¶

PostfixAdmin installieren¶

Bash

# FIXME MIME::EncWords is masked by keyword
emerge Email-Valid Mail-Sender Mail-Sendmail MIME-tools log-dispatch Log-Log4perl TimeDate

wget -O 'postfixadmin-2.3.3.tar.gz' https://github.com/postfixadmin/postfixadmin/archive/postfixadmin-2.3.3.tar.gz

tar xzf postfixadmin-2.3.3.tar.gz
mv postfixadmin-2.3.3 /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/postfixadmin
chown -R www:www /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/postfixadmin
find /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/postfixadmin -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750
find /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/postfixadmin -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640

Anlegen der Datenbank und der Datenbank-User:

Note

Bitte jeweils das gleiche Passwort wie in der dovecot-sql.conf aus der Dovecot Konfiguration verwenden.

Bash

mysql -uroot -p
CREATE DATABASE postfix DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON postfix.* TO 'postfix'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '__PASSWORD__';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON postfix.* TO 'postfixadmin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '__PASSWORD__';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
QUIT;

PostfixAdmin konfigurieren¶

Anlegen der config.local.php:

Bash

cat > /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/postfixadmin/config.local.php << "EOF"
<?php
$CONF['configured'] = true;
$CONF['postfix_admin_url'] = 'https://ssl.example.com/postfixadmin/';
$CONF['database_type'] = 'mysqli';
$CONF['database_password'] = '__PASSWORD__'; // Password of database-user postfix
$CONF['admin_email'] = 'postmaster@example.com';
$CONF['min_password_length'] = 8;
$CONF['default_aliases'] = array (
    'abuse' => 'abuse@example.com',
    'admin' => 'admin@example.com',
    'hostmaster' => 'hostmaster@example.com',
    'postmaster' => 'postmaster@example.com',
    'webmaster' => 'webmaster@example.com'
);
$CONF['domain_path'] = 'YES';
$CONF['domain_in_mailbox'] = 'NO';
$CONF['aliases'] = '50';
$CONF['mailboxes'] = '50';
$CONF['maxquota'] = '1024';
$CONF['quota'] = 'YES';
$CONF['quota_multiplier'] = '1048576';
$CONF['vacation_domain'] = 'autoreply.example.com';
$CONF['alias_control'] = 'YES';
$CONF['alias_control_admin'] = 'YES';
$CONF['fetchmail'] = 'NO';
$CONF['user_footer_link'] = "https://www.example.com/";
$CONF['show_footer_text'] = 'YES';
$CONF['footer_text'] = 'Return to Homepage';
$CONF['footer_link'] = 'https://www.example.com';
$CONF['show_status'] = 'YES';
$CONF['show_status_key'] = 'YES';
EOF

chmod 0640 /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/postfixadmin/config.local.php
chown www:www /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/postfixadmin/config.local.php

Nun bitte https://ssl.example.com/postfixadmin/setup.php im Browser aufrufen, am Ende der Seite das Setup-Passwort generieren und in der config.local.php nachtragen:

Bash

cat >> /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/postfixadmin/config.local.php << "EOF"
$CONF['setup_password'] = '__PASSWORD__';
EOF

Abschliessend mit den Anweisungen auf der Webseite fortfahren.

Die Installation der vacation.pl ist Optional und nicht getestet!

vacation.pl installieren:

Bash

groupadd -g 65001 vacation
useradd -u 65001 -g vacation -c "virtual vacation" -d /nonexistent -s /sbin/nologin vacation
mkdir -p /var/spool/vacation
cp /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/postfixadmin/VIRTUAL_VACATION/vacation.pl /var/spool/vacation/
chmod -R 0750 /var/spool/vacation
chown -R vacation:vacation /var/spool/vacation

vacation.pl konfigurieren:

Bash

sed -e "s/^\(my \$db_type = 'Pg';\)/#\1/" \
    -e "s/^#\(my \$db_type = 'mysql';\)/\1/" \
    -e "s/^\(my \$db_host =\).*$/\1 'localhost';/" \
    -e "s/^\(my \$db_username =\).*$/\1 'postfix';/" \
    -e "s/^\(my \$db_password =\).*$/\1 '__PASSWORD__';/" \
    -i /var/spool/vacation/vacation.pl

RoundCube¶

RoundCube installieren¶

Bash

wget -O 'roundcubemail-0.4.1.tar.gz' https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/archive/v0.4.1.tar.gz

tar xzf roundcubemail-0.4.1.tar.gz
mv roundcubemail-0.4.1 /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube
chown -R www:www /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube
find /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750
find /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640

Anlegen der Datenbank und des Datenbank-User:

Bash

mysql -uroot -p
CREATE DATABASE roundcube DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON roundcube.* TO 'roundcube'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '__PASSWORD__';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
QUIT;

RoundCube konfigurieren¶

Bash

mysql -uroot -p roundcube < /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube/SQL/mysql.initial.sql
rm /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube/.htaccess
mv /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube/config/db.inc.php.dist /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube/config/db.inc.php
mv /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube/config/main.inc.php.dist /var/www/vhosts/ssl.example.com/data/roundcube/config/main.inc.php

Folgende Zeile muss in der config/db.inc.php angepasst werden:

Bash

$rcmail_config['db_dsnw'] = 'mysqli://roundcube:__PASSWORD__@localhost/roundcube';

Folgende Zeilen müssen in der config/main.inc.php angepasst werden:

Bash

$rcmail_config['default_host'] = 'ssl://mail.example.com';
$rcmail_config['default_port'] = 993;
$rcmail_config['imap_auth_type'] = plain;
$rcmail_config['smtp_server'] = 'tls://mail.example.com';
$rcmail_config['smtp_user'] = '%u';
$rcmail_config['smtp_pass'] = '%p';
$rcmail_config['smtp_helo_host'] = 'mail.example.com';
$rcmail_config['force_https'] = true;
$rcmail_config['des_key'] = 'rcmail-!24ByteDESkey*Str';
$rcmail_config['max_recipients'] = 50;
$rcmail_config['max_group_members'] = 50;
$rcmail_config['mime_magic'] = '/usr/share/misc/magic';
$rcmail_config['prefer_html'] = false;

Author: Markus Kohlmeyer

Published: 2006-03-02

Last updated: 2014-09-01

License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0