Postfix¶
Einleitung¶
Unser Hosting System wird um folgende Dienste erweitert.
- Postfix 3.8.1 (Dovecot-SASL, postscreen)
- Python-SPF-Engine 3.0.4 (SPF2)
Voraussetzungen¶
Zu den Voraussetzungen für dieses HowTo siehe bitte: Hosting System
Installation¶
Wir installieren mail/postfix und dessen Abhängigkeiten.
Bash
mkdir -p /var/db/ports/mail_postfix
cat << "EOF" > /var/db/ports/mail_postfix/options
_OPTIONS_READ=postfix-3.8.1
_FILE_COMPLETE_OPTIONS_LIST=BDB BLACKLISTD CDB DOCS EAI INST_BASE LDAP LMDB MYSQL NIS PCRE2 PGSQL SASL SQLITE TEST TLS SASLKMIT SASLKRB5
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=BDB
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=BLACKLISTD
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=CDB
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=DOCS
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=EAI
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=INST_BASE
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=LDAP
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=LMDB
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=MYSQL
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=NIS
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=PCRE2
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=PGSQL
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=SASL
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=SQLITE
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=TEST
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=TLS
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=SASLKMIT
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=SASLKRB5
"EOF"
cd /usr/ports/mail/postfix
make all install clean-depends clean
sysrc postfix_enable=YES
install -d /usr/local/etc/mail
install -m 0644 /usr/local/share/postfix/mailer.conf.postfix /usr/local/etc/mail/mailer.conf
Konfiguration¶
main.cf einrichten.
Bash
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
address_verify_map = lmdb:${data_directory}/verify_cache
alias_database = lmdb:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = lmdb:/etc/aliases
allow_percent_hack = no
always_add_missing_headers = yes
biff = no
compatibility_level = 3.6
default_database_type = lmdb
disable_vrfy_command = yes
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
enable_long_queue_ids = yes
home_mailbox = .maildir/
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
internal_mail_filter_classes = bounce
local_header_rewrite_clients = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated
mail_spool_directory = /data/vmail
mailbox_size_limit = 0
mailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
masquerade_domains = $mydomain
masquerade_exceptions = root mailer-daemon
message_size_limit = 0
milter_default_action = accept
mydestination = $myhostname localhost.$mydomain localhost
mydomain = example.com
myhostname = mail.$mydomain
mynetworks_style = host
myorigin = $mydomain
non_smtpd_milters =
inet:127.0.0.1:8891
notify_classes = data protocol resource software
openssl_path = /usr/local/bin/openssl
#policyd-spf_time_limit = 3600
postscreen_access_list =
permit_mynetworks
cidr:${config_directory}/postscreen_whitelist.cidr
postscreen_bare_newline_action = enforce
postscreen_bare_newline_enable = yes
postscreen_cache_map = lmdb:${data_directory}/postscreen_cache
postscreen_denylist_action = enforce
postscreen_dnsbl_action = enforce
postscreen_dnsbl_allowlist_threshold = 0
postscreen_dnsbl_sites =
list.dnswl.org=127.0.[0..255].0*-2
list.dnswl.org=127.0.[0..255].1*-4
list.dnswl.org=127.0.[0..255].2*-6
list.dnswl.org=127.0.[0..255].3*-8
zen.spamhaus.org=127.0.0.9*25
zen.spamhaus.org=127.0.0.3*10
zen.spamhaus.org=127.0.0.2*5
zen.spamhaus.org=127.0.0.[4..7]*3
zen.spamhaus.org=127.0.0.[10..11]*3
swl.spamhaus.org*-10
bl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.2*10
bl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.10*5
bl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.11*4
bl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.12*3
bl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.13*2
bl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.14*1
wl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.16*-2
wl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.17*-4
wl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.18*-6
wl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.19*-8
wl.mailspike.net=127.0.0.20*-10
backscatter.spameatingmonkey.net*2
bl.ipv6.spameatingmonkey.net*2
bl.spameatingmonkey.net*2
ix.dnsbl.manitu.net*2
bl.spamcop.net*2
db.wpbl.info*2
psbl.surriel.com*2
torexit.dan.me.uk*2
tor.dan.me.uk*1
safe.dnsbl.sorbs.net*1
postscreen_dnsbl_threshold = 5
postscreen_greet_action = enforce
postscreen_non_smtp_command_enable = yes
postscreen_pipelining_enable = yes
recipient_delimiter = +
remote_header_rewrite_domain = domain.invalid
show_user_unknown_table_name = no
smtp_dns_support_level = enabled
smtp_tls_CAfile = /usr/local/share/certs/ca-root-nss.crt
smtp_tls_connection_reuse = yes
smtp_tls_loglevel = 1
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = >=TLSv1.2
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtp_tls_protocols = >=TLSv1.2
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = lmdb:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_client_port_logging = yes
smtpd_client_restrictions =
sleep 1
permit
smtpd_data_restrictions =
reject_unauth_pipelining
reject_multi_recipient_bounce
permit
smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions =
permit
smtpd_etrn_restrictions =
reject
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks
permit_sasl_authenticated
reject_invalid_helo_hostname
reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname
permit
smtpd_milters =
inet:127.0.0.1:8891
inet:127.0.0.1:8893
inet:127.0.0.1:8895
unix:/var/run/spamass-milter/spamass-milter.sock
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks
permit_sasl_authenticated
reject_non_fqdn_recipient
reject_unknown_recipient_domain
check_recipient_access pcre:${config_directory}/recipient_checks.pcre
permit
smtpd_relay_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks
permit_sasl_authenticated
reject_unauth_destination
permit
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sender_restrictions =
reject_non_fqdn_sender
reject_unknown_sender_domain
permit
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_tls_chain_files =
/usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com/privkey.pem
/usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = >=TLSv1.2
smtpd_tls_protocols = >=TLSv1.2
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = lmdb:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
strict_rfc821_envelopes = yes
swap_bangpath = no
tls_eecdh_auto_curves = X448 X25519 secp384r1 prime256v1 secp521r1
tls_high_cipherlist = CHACHA20 AESGCM !SSLv3 !TLSv1 !DSS !RSA !PSK !aNULL @STRENGTH
tls_medium_cipherlist = CHACHA20 AESGCM !SSLv3 !TLSv1 !DSS !RSA !PSK !aNULL @STRENGTH
tls_preempt_cipherlist = yes
tls_ssl_options = NO_COMPRESSION NO_RENEGOTIATION NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION PRIORITIZE_CHACHA
virtual_alias_domains = lmdb:${config_directory}/virtual_alias_domains
virtual_alias_maps = lmdb:${config_directory}/virtual_alias_maps
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
virtual_mailbox_base = /data/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = lmdb:${config_directory}/virtual_mailbox_domains
virtual_mailbox_limit = 0
virtual_mailbox_maps = lmdb:${config_directory}/virtual_mailbox_maps
virtual_minimum_uid = 5000
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
"EOF"
master.cf einrichten.
Bash
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
#smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=VERIFYING
smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd
dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog
tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy
# Choose one: enable submission for loopback clients only, or for any client.
#127.0.0.1:submission inet n - n - - smtpd
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# Instead of specifying complex smtpd_<xxx>_restrictions here,
# specify "smtpd_<xxx>_restrictions=$mua_<xxx>_restrictions"
# here, and specify mua_<xxx>_restrictions in main.cf (where
# "<xxx>" is "client", "helo", "sender", "relay", or "recipient").
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
-o smtpd_milters=$non_smtpd_milters
# Choose one: enable submissions for loopback clients only, or for any client.
#127.0.0.1:submissions inet n - n - - smtpd
submissions inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submissions
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# Instead of specifying complex smtpd_<xxx>_restrictions here,
# specify "smtpd_<xxx>_restrictions=$mua_<xxx>_restrictions"
# here, and specify mua_<xxx>_restrictions in main.cf (where
# "<xxx>" is "client", "helo", "sender", "relay", or "recipient").
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
-o smtpd_milters=$non_smtpd_milters
#628 inet n - n - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
relay unix - - n - - smtp
-o syslog_name=postfix/$service_name
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
retry unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
postlog unix-dgram n - n - 1 postlogd
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=DRXhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=DRX user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
#uucp unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
#ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
#
#bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
#
#scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
# flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store
# ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
#
#mailman unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=FRX user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
# ${nexthop} ${user}
#
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRXhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/local/libexec/dovecot/dovecot-lda
-f ${sender} -a ${recipient} -d ${user}@${nexthop}
"EOF"
/usr/local/etc/postfix/virtual_* einrichten.
Bash
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_domains
"EOF"
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps
root@example.com admin@example.com
postmaster@example.com admin@example.com
hostmaster@example.com admin@example.com
abuse@example.com admin@example.com
security@example.com admin@example.com
webmaster@example.com admin@example.com
"EOF"
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/etc/postfix/virtual_mailbox_domains
example.com OK
"EOF"
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/etc/postfix/virtual_mailbox_maps
admin@example.com example.com/admin/
"EOF"
postmap lmdb:/usr/local/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_domains
postmap lmdb:/usr/local/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps
postmap lmdb:/usr/local/etc/postfix/virtual_mailbox_domains
postmap lmdb:/usr/local/etc/postfix/virtual_mailbox_maps
Transport map einrichten.
Bash
cat << "EOF" >> /usr/local/etc/postfix/transport
"EOF"
postmap lmdb:/usr/local/etc/postfix/transport
Restriktionen einrichten.
Bash
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/etc/postfix/recipient_checks.pcre
/^\@/ 550 Invalid address format.
/[!%\@].*\@/ 550 This server disallows weird address syntax.
/^postmaster\@/ OK
/^hostmaster\@/ OK
/^security\@/ OK
/^abuse\@/ OK
/^admin\@/ OK
"EOF"
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/etc/postfix/postscreen_whitelist.cidr
"EOF"
cat << "EOF" > /usr/local/etc/postfix/mx_access
0.0.0.0/8 REJECT MX in RFC 1122 Broadcast Network
10.0.0.0/8 REJECT MX in RFC 1918 Private Network
100.64.0.0/10 REJECT MX in RFC 6598 Shared Address Space
127.0.0.0/8 REJECT MX in RFC 1122 Loopback Network
169.254.0.0/16 REJECT MX in RFC 3927 Link Local Network
172.16.0.0/12 REJECT MX in RFC 1918 Private Network
192.0.0.0/24 REJECT MX in RFC 6890 IETF Protocol Assignments Network
192.0.0.0/29 REJECT MX in RFC 6333 DS-Lite Network
192.0.2.0/24 REJECT MX in RFC 5737 Documentation (TEST-NET-1) Network
192.168.0.0/16 REJECT MX in RFC 1918 Private Network
198.18.0.0/15 REJECT MX in RFC 2544 Interconnect Device Benchmark Testing Network
198.51.100.0/24 REJECT MX in RFC 5737 Documentation (TEST-NET-2) Network
203.0.113.0/24 REJECT MX in RFC 5737 Documentation (TEST-NET-3) Network
224.0.0.0/4 REJECT MX in RFC 5771 Multicast Network
240.0.0.0/4 REJECT MX in RFC 1122 Reserved Network
255.255.255.255/32 REJECT MX in RFC 919 Limited Broadcast Destination Address
::/128 REJECT MX in RFC 4291 Unspecified Address
::1/128 REJECT MX in RFC 4291 Loopback Address
::ffff:0:0/96 REJECT MX in RFC 4291 IPv4-mapped Address
100::/64 REJECT MX in RFC 6666 Discard-Only Network
2001::/23 REJECT MX in RFC 2928 IETF Protocol Assignements Network
2001::/32 REJECT MX in RFC 4380 TEREDO Network
2001:2::/48 REJECT MX in RFC 5180 Interconnect Device Benchmark Testing Network
2001:db8::/32 REJECT MX in RFC 3849 Documentation Network
fc00::/7 REJECT MX in RFC 4193 Unique-Local Network
fe80::/10 REJECT MX in RFC 4291 Linked-Scoped Unicast Network
ff00::/8 REJECT MX in RFC 4291 Multicast Network
"EOF"
postmap lmdb:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mx_access
Abschliessende Arbeiten.
Bash
/usr/local/bin/newaliases
pw groupadd -n vmail -g 5000
pw useradd -n vmail -u 5000 -g vmail -c 'Virtual Mailuser' -d /nonexistent -s /usr/sbin/nologin
mkdir -p /data/vmail
chmod 0750 /data/vmail
chown vmail:vmail /data/vmail
Python-SPF-Engine¶
Wir installieren mail/py-spf-engine und dessen Abhängigkeiten.
Bash
mkdir -p /var/db/ports/mail_py-authres
cat << "EOF" > /var/db/ports/mail_py-authres/options
_OPTIONS_READ=py39-authres-1.2.0
_FILE_COMPLETE_OPTIONS_LIST=DOCS
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=DOCS
"EOF"
mkdir -p /var/db/ports/mail_libmilter
cat << "EOF" > /var/db/ports/mail_libmilter/options
_OPTIONS_READ=libmilter-8.17.2
_FILE_COMPLETE_OPTIONS_LIST=IPV6 MILTER_SHARED MILTER_POOL DOCS
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=IPV6
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=MILTER_SHARED
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=MILTER_POOL
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=DOCS
"EOF"
mkdir -p /var/db/ports/dns_py-dnspython
cat << "EOF" > /var/db/ports/dns_py-dnspython/options
_OPTIONS_READ=py39-dnspython-2.3.0
_FILE_COMPLETE_OPTIONS_LIST=CURIO DNSSEC DOH EXAMPLES IDNA TRIO
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=CURIO
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=DNSSEC
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=DOH
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=EXAMPLES
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=IDNA
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=TRIO
"EOF"
mkdir -p /var/db/ports/www_py-httpx
cat << "EOF" > /var/db/ports/www_py-httpx/options
_OPTIONS_READ=py39-httpx-0.24.1
_FILE_COMPLETE_OPTIONS_LIST=BROTLI CLI HTTP2 SOCKS
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=BROTLI
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=CLI
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=HTTP2
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=SOCKS
"EOF"
mkdir -p /var/db/ports/www_py-httpcore
cat << "EOF" > /var/db/ports/www_py-httpcore/options
_OPTIONS_READ=py39-httpcore-0.17.2
_FILE_COMPLETE_OPTIONS_LIST=HTTP2 SOCKS
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=HTTP2
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=SOCKS
"EOF"
mkdir -p /var/db/ports/devel_py-anyio
cat << "EOF" > /var/db/ports/devel_py-anyio/options
_OPTIONS_READ=py39-anyio-3.6.2
_FILE_COMPLETE_OPTIONS_LIST=TRIO
OPTIONS_FILE_UNSET+=TRIO
"EOF"
mkdir -p /var/db/ports/mail_py-spf-engine
cat << "EOF" > /var/db/ports/mail_py-spf-engine/options
_OPTIONS_READ=py39-spf-engine-3.0.4
_FILE_COMPLETE_OPTIONS_LIST=DOCS
OPTIONS_FILE_SET+=DOCS
"EOF"
cd /usr/ports/mail/py-spf-engine
make all install clean-depends clean
sysrc pyspf_milter_enable=YES
py-spf-engine konfigurieren.
Bash
cat << "EOF" >> /usr/local/etc/pyspf-milter/pyspf-milter.conf
Authserv_Id = mail.example.com
"EOF"
Es muss noch ein DNS-Record angelegt werden, sofern er noch nicht existieren, oder entsprechend geändert werden, sofern er bereits existieren.
Text Only
example.com. IN TXT ( "v=spf1 a mx -all" )
Abschluss¶
Postfix kann nun gestartet werden.
Bash
service pyspf-milter start
service postfix start